水利管理对象数量大、类型多、空间分布广、运行环境复杂、交织作用因素众多，对其进行全生命周期的精细化管控极其困难。将以关联分析为特点的水利大数据技术和以因果关系为特点的水利专业机理模型相结合，对海量多源的水利数据加以集成融合、高效处理和智能分析，并将有价值的结果以高度可视化方式主动推送给管理决策者，是解决水利对象精细化管控难题的根本途径。本文主要对水利大数据的概念认知、技术体系及其应用于水利规律解析、水利态势研判、水利趋势预测和水利决策优化的研究现状进行了综合分析，提出了水利大数据发展趋势为需求场景化、管理集成化、分析智能化、服务平台化、保障体系化。在水利大数据应用中，数据是根本，分析是核心，利用大数据技术提高水治理效率是最终目的，应深度挖掘水利业务管理需求，整合水灾害、水资源、水环境、水生态、水工程等领域全息数据，全面布局水利大数据的基础理论和核心技术研究，加快推进大数据技术与水利的深度融合，支撑我国水治理彻底转型升级。

水轮机作为水电能源开发的核心机械装备，其性能的优劣决定了水电能源的开发利用率。在现代科技进步的推动下，水轮机技术也取得了长足发展。我国水轮机技术的发展经历了引进、吸收、消化和再创造的过程，特别是近20年的快速发展使我国水轮机技术总体上达到国际先进水平。本文在全面综合国内外水轮机领域研究成果的基础上，以近20年来水轮机技术领域所取得的主要研究进展为重点，分水轮机水动力学基础、水轮机过流部件的优化设计理论及新型水轮机研制三部分对水轮机技术进展进行了综述，探讨了部分研究领域中存在的问题，并对水轮机技术的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。

With increasingly frequent and severe urban flooding disasters, construction of sponge cities that is based on the low impact development (LID) technology, is becoming a new principle for urban storm water management in China. In this study, a storm water management model (SWMM) was developed to simulate the flooding in the Qinghe catchment in Beijing, and urban rainfall-runoff processes in the conditions of different scales of LID measures and different return periods of design storms were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that for shorter return-period storms, reduction in peak flow and runoff volume achieved by combining these measures was up to 66.2% and 49.4%, respectively, while for extreme floods, the reduction in runoff volume was only 11.5% and no considerable reduction in peak flow was achieved. This indicates that the adopted LID facilities are effective in changing the rainfall-runoff processes of shorter return-period storms but ineffective in reducing floods of longer return periods. This conclusion is helpful for flood control, drainage management, and construction of a sponge city in Beijing.

Tidal current energy is a type of renewable and sustainable marine energy. Despite the complexity in exploitation, considerable improvement has been achieved since the beginning of the current century. This paper discusses the hydrodynamics progress through the perspective of equipment design and industrial application of tidal current energy technology, including tidal resources estimation, kinetic energy conversion, converters, and tidal farm array arrangement and design, then summarizes representative hydrodynamics problems, their theoretical models and numerical methods. Technical characteristics of converters and supporting structures are also analyzed to highlight new problems and developing trends in the present stage, offering references for optimal design of tidal energy converters and power station projects.

This paper first reviews the advancements in dam construction and development in hydraulic engineering, and summarizes the conceptualization of digital dam and its related research achievements. Then, we present an interpretation of the difference between the two concepts of digital dam and smart dam, based on a brief discussion on several disadvantages of digital dam, including insufficient depth in intelligent analysis of massive data and relatively low fusing level of site monitoring, simulation analysis and intelligent control. Smart dam is a new concept that is based on the digital dam conceptualization but emphasizes a specific form of dam development, i.e. adoption of new-generation information technologies as a basic means, such as Internet of things, intellectual technology, cloud computing, and big data. This concept also means a specific intelligent system of dam management and operation that is dynamic, refined, and perceivable in analysis and control. Besides, a smart dam often has distinctive features such as integrity, interoperability, fusion-expansibility, autonomy, and robustness. Third, we describe a basic framework of smart dams in detail, including a real-time information perception module, an interconnected real-time transmission module, an intelligent real-time analysis module, and an intelligent real-time management decision system, focusing on analysis of the progress and superiority of smart dams over digital dams in independent information collection, smart reconstruction analysis, intelligent decision, and integrated visualization. Finally, we explore key directions of smart dam research in fundamental theory, key technology, and management and operation system.

As a typical multiphase heterogeneous material, concrete has been widely used in high-rise buildings, bridges, dams, nuclear power stations as well as other industrial and civil structures. The whole process of concrete production, transportation, construction, curing and hardening, and its nonlinear mechanical and deformation response subjected to complex loading environments are generally dominated by the physico-mechanical properties of meso-scale ingredients and fabrics, including aggregates, mortar and their interfaces. This paper presents a literature review on the state-of-the-art concrete meso-scale mechanics, emphasizing the development progress on experimental investigation on meso-scale ingredients, pre-processing modeling approaches, and numerical modeling methods for concrete. An in-depth review is also presented on selected aspects on the forefront of the meso-scale concrete mechanics, including the fracture failure mechanism, size effect, multi-scale coupling and rate effect. Finally, some recommendations for future studies are provided.

Studies on the attribution of runoff variation under climate change and human activities are valuable to understanding runoff change. This paper analyzes the quantitative contribution of climate change and human activities to runoff variation, using the Budyko assumption and TOPMODEL with application to a case study of the Beiluo River basin of the Wei River. We have examined 25 scenarios of temperature and precipitation changes in the possible range of climate changes, and analyzed the influence of all these scenarios on the runoff. Simulation results show that historic precipitation and runoff took a decreasing tendency while temperature had a rising trend and both temperature rising and precipitation decreasing made contribution to runoff change. But human activities were the major cause for runoff decreasing over the last 50 years and this had a contribution rate up to 58.9% and 65.2% by the two methods respectively. Under different scenarios, the variation in monthly runoff shows a wide range and the influence of precipitation change is stronger than that of temperature change, indicating precipitation change as a major factor of the future variation in water resources.

In this paper, the recent developments in seismic safety evaluation and aseismic measures for high rockfill dams were reviewed, including advanced constitutive models, dam-foundation-water dynamic interaction, high-performance non-linear dynamic FEM software, numerical simulation of failure process, and aseismic measures of concrete slab, and etc. After that, some future research trends on earthquake-resistance analysis of high rockfill dams were discussed, such as the seismic response analysis, mechanical properties and constitutive relations of rockfill, computing technology, and seismic safety evaluation method.

The total number, maximum height and engineering scale of concrete dams in China rank the first in the world, and their long-term safety is a focus of public attention. Deformation is a comprehensive performance of concrete dam structures, especially the long-term deformation, a key index for evaluation of the structure behaviors, health status, and their evolution of a dam in long-term service. This paper summarizes the state of arts in creep calculation models for dam concrete and foundation rock and in the methods and models for safety monitoring and early warning of high concrete dam long-term deformation, based on analysis of the latest construction of concrete dams in China and concrete dam failures caused by long-term dam deformation. To ensure the safety of concrete dams in long-term service, future studies should focus on three issues: evolution of structure performances under the coupling effect of multi-factors, long-term structure deformation behaviors under the coupling effect of multi-fields, and evaluation of performance improvement under reinforcement measures.

气候变化和快速城市化改变了城市生态水文循环过程，加剧了水资源短缺、水环境污染、水生态破坏、暴雨洪涝灾害等城市问题。为获取低影响开发措施（low impact development，LID）/绿色基础设施（green infrastructure，GI）与城市灰色基础设施耦合系统空间优化配置方案以及多目标成本-效益最优曲线，本文系统归纳了不同规划目标导向下新建、改建城区海绵城市建设核心指标与控制要点；针对现有研究中的科学和技术问题，构建了雨水基础设施区域优化配置模式，主要由雨水基础设施性能指标数据库、成本效益定量化及计算机辅助决策三部分构成。探讨了数值计算和模型模拟中典型LID设施的关键参数及其性能指标；基于环境经济学理论分析了海绵城市建设成本和效益指标定量化方法；探索有限成本投入下，改善城市水环境、水生态、水资源、水安全的多目标智能优化算法，结合模型模拟以实现城市生态水文良性循环和可持续发展。

尽管非洲经济发展面临诸多挑战，但增长趋势仍在继续。伴随着各国电力需求的增加，非洲电力基础设施建设充满机遇。非洲水电资源丰富，开发潜力巨大，且80%的可开发水电资源潜能集中在赞比西河、刚果河、尼罗河和尼日尔河四大流域。在“一带一路”倡议下，已有大批中国企业“走出去”投资开发非洲水电项目，推动中非电力基础设施合作。本研究通过大量的数据和资料，总结了四大流域水电资源量与开发程度，对流域内重点已建和规划的水电项目进行了详细介绍。最后，深入分析中国企业目前在非洲水电项目开发中面临的主要问题和挑战，并从战略规划、合作模式、风险防范和人才培养四个方面提出相应建议。

This study investigates cracking resistance behaviors of ultra-high volume fly ash conventional dam concrete (UHVFACDC) at early age using a temperature-stress testing machine (TSTM), with a comprehensive consideration of temperature history, constraint, deformation and stress of concrete from the prospective of wholism to overcome the deficiency in the traditional methods of thermal cracking property evaluation of concrete at early age. The experimental results show that in comparison with the reference concrete, this fly ash concrete has lower hydration temperature rise, and cracking temperature and its cracking temperature drop is larger. And during hardening, it manifests a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher degree of tensile creep. All this indicates that UHVFACDC of great early-age cracking resistance is a promising type of green high-performance dam concrete.

Rapid urbanization has an adverse impact on urban rainfall-runoff processes and may increase the flood risk of urban regions. This study considered intensive human activities, such as increases in impervious area, changes in river network morphology, drainage system laying, and water transfer. We have developed two storm water management models (SWMM) based on remote sensing image and field survey, considering different urbanized scenarios and human disturbances and using measured streamflow data for model calibration and validation. Precipitation with different return periods was taken as model input to analyze the changes in flood characteristics caused by urbanization. The results indicate that these two models can produce good estimation of storms under the scenarios examined. The surface runoff after urbanization was 3.5 times larger than that before urbanization; the coefficient of runoff jumped from 0.12 to 0.41 and the amount of infiltration decreased from 88% to 59%. After urbanization, the time for overland flow concentration was shortened while the time for river concentration became longer; the flood peak time did not indicate much difference in this study. The peak flow of 20-year return period after urbanization is larger than that of 100-year return-period before urbanization. The results in this study would provide technical support to planning and management of urban storm water and evaluation on the low impact development technology.

Pumped-storage power plants (PSPs) aim to solve the conflict between power supply and demand at the peak and trough of power consuming, ensuring grid safety, economic growth, and stable production. Invasion and biofouling of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in PSPs, however, is attracting wide public attention because in recent years the biofouling has caused severe problems in the operation of PSPs. The specific operation mode of PSPs is commonly taken as the major cause for such biofouling in water intakes and tunnels. A PSP releases water stored in its upper reservoir to the lower one when it generates power during peak power-consuming hours, and pumps water back to its upper reservoir during low demand hours. During water releasing and pumping, golden mussel veligers are stirred up from the reservoir bed and transported into the intakes, tunnels, and the other structures reachable by the flow; then they are settled down on the walls of all the structures they have touched, causing biofouling, structure corrosion, and even pipe clog. Particularly, the small tubes of the PSP cooling water system are under a high risk of being clogged, often causing a shutdown accident. This study presents an overview on the latest advances in preventive measures against golden mussel biofouling in PSPs based on previous studies, overseas experiences, and our own experiences. For large-scale water-intake pipes of PSPs, the risk of clogging is low and therefore the basic strategy should focus on pipe wall resistance to the corrosion. Certain environment-friendly, economically-desirable coating materials, e.g. SK-Polyurea and SK-Epoxy YEC, which have been shown very effective in terms of biofouling resistance and pipe-wall durability, are recommended according to our experimental study. For small-scale PSP cooling water systems, we propose a control device of the veliger density in water flow that integrates the measures of attachment-attracting, settling, and veliger killing and thus effectively reduces biofouling risk.

随着工程总承包模式在水利水电行业的普及应用，以设计为龙头的设计施工一体化模式已成为降本增效、统一管理、科学决策的有效手段。本文全面评述了国内外及水利水电行业总承包模式、设计模式、建造模式和设计施工协同模式的发展现状，明确了水电工程设计施工一体化目前的行业痛点及主要发展瓶颈，提出立足于信息化技术前沿，深化技术创新与实践，以正向设计和精益建造模式为基础，解决设计施工一体化过程中设计优化效率低、设计施工信息互馈过程烦琐、智能化建造水平不高等问题。针对这一理念，本文以数字孪生技术为未来的基础应用架构，详细阐述了未来的重点研究方向，为提高水电工程设计施工一体化水平，弥补水利信息化短板提供技术指引。

土-结构动力相互作用（dynamic soil-structure interaction，DSSI）是结构动力分析中重要的研究分支。随着计算机技术和数值技术的发展，数值方法得到越来越广泛的应用。在采用数值方法解决土?结构动力相互作用问题时，常通过直接法或子结构法将开放的无限域体系转化成封闭的有限区域，并引入适当的人工边界来模拟无限土域对近场研究对象的影响。对近场的研究可涉及非线性问题，而远场问题的难点包括满足无穷远处的辐射条件和外源的动力输入。针对不同的问题，适用的数值方法不尽相同。本文就土?结构动力相互作用远场问题中作者认为常用的数值方法进行归纳总结。

基于我国城市洪涝灾害的严峻形势和目前洪涝过程模拟模型的发展现状，指出精细化城市洪涝过程模拟是未来发展趋势。基于无人机低空摄影测量的数据获取方法能够提供高分辨率的地面信息，为城市洪涝过程模拟提供完备的数据基础。通过总结无人机相关技术指标和应用实例，指出利用低空无人机摄影测量获取的数据具有大比例尺、现势性强以及成本较低的优势，在众多领域得到广泛应用；同时，通过低空无人机摄影测量提供的土地利用、地形和洪涝范围等数据，可以完成精细化的洪涝过程模型建模与率定验证，三维模型与单体建模技术则能服务于数字化和更加精细化的洪涝过程模拟与展示。无人机摄影测量技术应用于城市洪涝过程模拟仍具有诸多问题，在未来的进一步应用中将得到不断完善和发展，具有良好的应用前景。

This paper presents a new intermittent wave energy generator (WEG) with a hydraulic energy storage accumulator that converts unstable wave energy into stable output power in electrical power generation, and describes its components and working principle along with a real-time control method for stabilizing the output power based on experimental test database. Theoretical models were constructed for the relationship of load versus working pressure and the relationship of hydraulic motor pressure drop versus opening ratio of the proportional flow valve. The latter relationship was verified by experimental data collected using LabVIEW, and a control curve of the opening ratio was used to stabilize the flow rate of hydraulic motor. Experimental results show that the output power of generators can be maintained stable within a certain range and the new WEG, when combined with hydraulic energy storage accumulator and real-time control based on experimental test database, is an effective device for generation of stable and smooth output power.