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水力发电学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 67-76.doi: 10.11660/slfdxb.20250705

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堆石坝试坑三维点云优化重构与体积快速计算方法及应用

  

  • 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-25

Optimized reconstruction of 3-D point clouds of rockfill dam test pits with fast volume calculation method and its application

  • Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-07-25

摘要: 试坑法是目前规范规定的堆石坝填料碾压质量检测方法,其中试坑体积量测的效率和精度直接影响堆石体压实质量检测的速度和准确性。随着三维激光扫描技术的快速发展,三维点云采集难度下降,且精度大幅提升,为替代常规灌水法快速检测堆石体试坑体积提供了新途径。论文提出一种基于三维激光扫描技术的堆石坝试坑体积快速计算方法,构建集试坑三维点云数据获取、配准拼接优化以及快速体积计算为一体的成套流程;通过标准模型和室内模型进行算法测试,验证了平面投影法在捕捉堆石体颗粒分布凹凸不平特征点云的优势。大型试验场地优化测试表明,采用球形标靶辅助配准优化与拼接优化后,体积测量相对误差基本控制在5%以内。最后,通过实际在建堆石坝工程的现场试验与应用,证实提出的基于三维激光扫描技术的堆石坝试坑体积快速计算与优化方法可实现堆石坝检测坑表面点云的高效准确提取,大大节省碾压施工过程中的检测时间,有望取代传统的灌水法计算试坑体积。

关键词: 堆石坝, 试坑法, 体积测量, 三维激光扫描, 三维点云

Abstract: Trial pit test is a standard method for evaluating rockfill compaction in dam construction. The advent of 3D laser scanning technology offers a rapid, accurate alternative to the traditional water filling method for measuring the pit’s volume. This study develops a new method that integrates data acquisition, registration, and fast volume calculation using 3D laser scanning. Tested against the standard model and a laboratory experiment, the method captures the irregular distribution of rockfill particles effectively; Optimizations in large-scale in-situ tests have achieved volume measurement errors roughly within 5%. Field applications in dam projects further validate the method's efficiency, significantly reducing inspection time and having the potential to replace traditional methods.

Key words: rockfill dam, test pit method, volumetric measurement, 3D laser scanning, 3D point cloud

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