Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

Office Online

Included Databases

The journal is included in the following databases:
(i)Scopus,
(ii)The Chinese Science Citation Database Source Journals,
(iii)The Chinese Science Journal Abstract Database,
(iv)The Chinese Science and Technology Papers Statistics and Analysis Database,
(v)China Newspaper Subscription Guide Information Database,
(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2026 Vol. 45, No. 3 Published: 2026-03-25

	1	Comparative study of scheduling for joint impoundment of cascade reservoirs in lower Jinsha River and Three Gorges ^Hot!
		LI Haowei, GUO Shenglian, ZHONG Sirui, WANG Xiaojun, LIANG Zhiming, LI Na
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260301
		Refill conflicts among the cascade reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River and Three Gorges have become increasingly prominent in dry years. To raise water use efficiency, this study constructs a multi-objective impoundment scheduling model and solves it using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Based on the daily reservoir inflow data restored for Aug. 1 to Oct. 31 in 1940-2020, we simulate and compare three impoundment scheduling schemes for these reservoirs, i.e., original design scheme, joint operation scheme, and optimal operation scheme. Results indicate the optimal scheme is the highest in average annual power generation and storage rate. Its power generation is increased by 12.258 billion kWh (or 10.35% improvement) and its refill rate increased from 95.06% to 98.81% compared with the original scheme. In normal and dry years, its flood control pressure is relatively lower, and its comprehensive benefits are more significant. Generally, a mutual constraint exists between power generation and refill rate. In the dry years, we can achieve more benefits from a better joint impoundment scheduling of cascade reservoirs by starting reservoir impoundment earlier and raising the flood control water level.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 65 ) PDF (1504 KB) ( 74 )

	11	Study on peak shaving of hydro-wind-photovoltaic multi-power system considering load uncertainty
		LEI Kaixuan, TANG Meiying, LI Chaoqun, YAN Dengming
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260302
		Hydropower plants are used as the key supporting power sources responsible for peak shaving, frequency regulation, and ensuring power grid stability in a hydro-wind-photovoltaic multi-energy complementary system. To address load uncertainty in a hydropower-dominated multi- power system, this paper applies the information gap decision theory (IGDT) in developing an IGDT-based peak shaving operation model for the complementary system. We focus on a case study of peak shaving operation for the hydropower stations in the upper Yellow River in Qinghai Province. The results show hydropower operation effectively reduces peak shaving pressure caused by wind power and photovoltaic power on the power system, enhancing power grid stability. For a practical design, we can use the maximum load fluctuation of 45.9% under a risk-averse scenario, or the minimum of 27.2% under an opportunity-seeking scenario, depending on the decision-maker's preference to the risk. These findings help determine robustness boundaries for dispatching decisions and enhance the resilience of a power system.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 11-23 [Abstract] ( 52 ) PDF (1772 KB) ( 35 )

	24	Threshold quantification of vegetation response to soil moisture and vapor pressure deficits
		MENG Changqing, LI Yue, WANG Yongqiang, WANG Yuankun, ZHANG Yanke
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260303
		This study explores the spatial distribution of flash drought characteristics from multi-source soil data, and quantifies the thresholds of soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit that lead to a decrease in solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence under flash drought conditions, using a two-dimensional copula method. We also examines the thresholds’ spatial heterogeneity in different aridity zones and different vegetation types across China. The results show that in the period of 2001-2020, the northern region experienced flash droughts less than 8 times, lasting over 10 pentads, with intensities mostly at Levels 3-4. In contrast, the southern region experienced more than 8 times, lasting about 6-10 pentads, with intensities mostly at Levels 1-2. For soil moisture-dominated region, the soil moisture thresholds for SIF ≤ SIF40% are roughly 0.39 m3m-3, 0.35 m3m-3, 0.25 m3m-3, and 0.06 in the humid, sub-humid, semi-arid, and arid zones, respectively, and 0.38 m3m-3, 0.35 m3m-3, and 0.28 m3m-3 for forests, croplands, and grasslands, respectively. In vapor pressure deficit-dominated regions, the thresholds are around 7 hPa, 4 hPa, and 2.5 hPa in arid, humid and sub-humid, and semi-arid zones, respectively, and 5 hPa, 4 hPa, and 3 hPa for croplands, forests, and grasslands, respectively.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 24-34 [Abstract] ( 55 ) PDF (2215 KB) ( 30 )

	35	Impacts of astronomical tides on storm surge risk assessment in Pearl River estuary
		WANG Sichao, YANG Jie
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260304
		Nonlinear interaction between astronomical tides and storm surges can alter the process of a coastal storm surge and its extremes, inducing uncertainty in assessment of its hazard risks. Focusing on the Pearl River estuary, this study develops a numerical model that couples astronomical tides, storm surges, and their interaction based on the unstructured-grid model SCHISM. We reveal the modulating effect of tidal timing on storm surge amplification through ensemble simulations of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) under different tidal timing scenarios. In the inner bay and near the estuary mouth, low-tide scenarios generally generate higher surges in the range of 0.2 - 0.3 m roughly. And, we also estimate the return periods of storm surge extremes under different tidal scenarios, based on the 20-year long simulations of separate extreme typhoon events and their Pearson-III distribution fitting. The results indicate the differences become particularly significant for high return periods, where high-tide scenarios may lead to an underestimation of surge heights. This study demonstrates the crucial role of tidal timing in storm surge risk assessment, a key factor of engineering design of coastal disaster prevention and mitigation.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 35-45 [Abstract] ( 44 ) PDF (8695 KB) ( 27 )

	46	Numerical modeling of wave attenuation by mangroves using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
		LI Jiajun, NI Xingye, WU Haoyu, FENG Xi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260305
		Under global climate change, coastal erosion and storm surge disasters are becoming increasingly severe, highlighting an urgent need to address high costs and ecological damage caused by traditional hard protection structures. Mangroves, as a nature-based solution, have emerged as a research focus due to their remarkable wave attenuation capacity and ecological benefits. This study develops a vegetation-wave coupled numerical model based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and the Morison cylinder resistance model for simulating vegetation drag forces. By isolating the root, stem, and canopy structures of mangroves, we quantify their individual and combined contributions to wave energy dissipation, and examine systematically the wave attenuation mechanisms of three representative mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora stylosa) under varying hydrodynamic conditions. The results demonstrate that roots and canopies play a dominant role in wave dissipation, while stems contribute minimally. The total wave attenuation efficiency follows the nonlinear superposition of the three structural components. And, difference in species is also a major factor of wave dissipation due to their morphological and density differences: Rhizophora stylosa performs best in shallow waters; Avicennia marina best in intermediate water depths; Ceriops tagal with a dense root system best in very shallow waters. This study would lay a basis for further study of mangrove-based ecological coastal protection.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 46-58 [Abstract] ( 41 ) PDF (4588 KB) ( 32 )

	59	Study on capability-building of power generation companies from alignment perspectives
		LI Yinsheng, TANG Wenzhe
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260306
		Power generation companies in China are facing both opportunities and challenges amid the sector’s large-scale growth, low-carbon transformation, and market-oriented reform. There arises an urgent need to build these companies’ capabilities to cope with the challenges. However, previous studies are insufficient in how to build a company’s capability for better performance, and lacks empirical supports. This paper presents an analysis of the status quo of the companies’ capability building, and integrates strategic alignment and organizational alignment innovatively. A capability building model is developed and verified for the companies from alignment perspectives, and the influence mechanism among strategic alignment, organizational alignment, capability building, corporate performance, and sustainable development is revealed. Three influencing paths: (a) strategic alignment → engineering and technical capabilities → corporate performance; (b) strategic alignment → organizational alignment → learning and innovative capabilities → corporate performance / sustainable development; (c) strategic alignment → organizational alignment → learning and innovative capabilities → business and managerial capabilities / engineering and technical capabilities → corporate performance / sustainable development are identified. Combined with a case study, this paper gives strategic suggestions to build the capability.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 59-71 [Abstract] ( 44 ) PDF (1261 KB) ( 23 )

	72	Study on power regulation characteristics of turbine governors considering power dead zones
		BAO Haiyan, XIAO Hao, FU Liang, LI Ziyi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260307
		It is challenging to accurately assess the stability and regulation performance of a hydroelectric unit taking part in automatic generation control (AGC) regulation, since substantial nonlinearity arises from the power regulation dead zone specified in the power mode of its governor. This paper establishes a new formula for stability domain calculation by using the describing function method, deriving the system's stability criterion based on the Nyquist theory, and develops a time-domain simulation-based method for determining the operational zone for power regulation quality. Numerical calculations indicate the derived nonlinear stability domain accurately reflects the stability of the turbine governor’s power regulation transients with a dead zone. Based on regulation quality variations, the stability domain can be divided into five zones, with Zone III identified as the optimal operating domain, where the overshoot and number of oscillations are both zero and the power adjustment speed is fast, meeting the requirements for no oscillation and certain adjustment speed. This study would help optimization and adjustment of a hydropower unit’s power regulation parameters for better stability and regulation quality.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 72-81 [Abstract] ( 42 ) PDF (951 KB) ( 26 )

	82	Deep learning-based acoustic diagnosis of weak faults in hydro turbines
		LI Han, DAO Fang, ZENG Yun
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260308
		In the context of new power systems, wide-load operation of a hydro turbine has led to its increasingly complicated blade flow conditions and accelerated wear, making wear faults a major cause of its failure. From the acoustic perspective, this study develops a hydro turbine wear fault identification model based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition with cumulative mean aggregation (EEMD) denoising, combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long-short-term memory network (LSTM). A raw signal is preprocessed by using EEMD to remove noise while retaining its key features. Then, we adaptively extract and reduce the dimensionality of the fault features by using CNN and input it into the LSTM model for feature learning and model training, achieving fault pattern identification. A hydro turbine fault test bench has been constructed for training and validation of the new EEMD-CNN-LSTM model. Experimental results demonstrate that this model is effective in wear fault identification, achieving an accuracy of 93.8% and outperforming the CNN, LSTM, or CNN-LSTM model. It improves accuracy by 6.7%, compared with the CNN-LSTM model without EEMD denoising. The findings are a valuable supplement to the previous studies of the monitoring and fault diagnosis systems of hydro turbines.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 82-92 [Abstract] ( 73 ) PDF (3347 KB) ( 26 )

	93	Numerical simulation study of hydro-mechanical-electrical-grid coupling considering water conduit system
		LIU Chengpeng, ZHAO Zhigao, YIN Xiuxing, YANG Jiandong
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260309
		With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems, requirements for system stability have become more stringent. Hydropower units play a crucial role in maintaining stable grid operation owing to their excellent regulation capability. As more pumped storage stations and large-scale hydropower plants come into operation, multi-field coupling－among hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical subsystems that share the same water conveyance systems－has become increasingly significant. Abnormal operation of a single unit may propagate its influence to the entire system via both electrical and hydraulic channels. However, the coupling mechanism between hydraulic interconnection and electrical interconnection remains yet unclear, and previous studies lack effective means for analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a hydro-mechanical-electrical coupled system. To address these problems, this study develops a steady-state and transient co?simulation method for the hydropower plant penstock system and the power systems, based on the alternating iteration concept and a partitioned solution approach, achieving coordinated boundary-consistent solutions between the hydraulic and electrical subsystems. On this basis, we construct a coupled transient simulation framework applicable to multi?unit shared penstock layouts. Integrating an IEEE 39-bus power network with two hydropower plants comprising four generating units, we examine the dynamic responses of the system under various disturbances—including three-phase short-circuit faults, load adjustments, and turbine load rejection. The results demonstrate our new method captures the interaction characteristics in the hydro-mechanical-electrical system with a good accuracy, effective and useful for stability analysis and control strategy design of such complicated systems.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 93-106 [Abstract] ( 50 ) PDF (1971 KB) ( 39 )

	107	Study on improved cDCGAN model for efficient dam seepage flow calculations
		WU Guohua, WANG Xiaoling, YU Hongling, ZHENG Mingwei, PU Guoqing, CHENG Zhengfei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260310
		This paper develops an efficient calculation model for the dam seepage flow based on an improved conditional deep convolution generative adversarial network to overcome the problem of previous surrogate models in numerical simulation of the flow field. A traditional surrogate model is mostly constructed based on local monitoring points, but it is time-consuming, computationally intensive, and difficult to capture the overall seepage flow features at key cross-sections, thereby failing to meet the needs of rapid engineering visualization and decision-making. This new model achieves efficient prediction through constructing a mapping relationship between working conditions and seepage flows at key cross-sections. We apply a squeeze-and-excitation (SE) channel attention mechanism and residual networks to the generator, so as to improve its feature extraction, and integrate the discriminator with the Haar wavelet transform to strengthen its edge information recognition and improve its distribution feature capturing. In addition, super-resolution techniques are incorporated to reconstruct high-resolution seepage fields. Case studies demonstrate our new model achieves significant improvement on efficiency over traditional numerical methods. Compared with the unmodified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), it achieves an average increase of 44.83% in Fréchet distance, 2.54% in structural similarity index, and 4.25% in peak signal-to-noise ratio, validating its effectiveness and superiority.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 107-118 [Abstract] ( 38 ) PDF (2866 KB) ( 19 )

	119	Spatiotemporal hybrid deformation model for gravity dams incorporating feature selection and residual correction
		LIN Chuan, ZHANG Mengjie, LIN Weiwei, ZHU Wenfu, HUANG Xuezhao, YUAN Yuan, SU Yan
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20260311
		Deformation behavior of a dam usually features significant spatiotemporal correlation during its collaborative load-bearing process. However, existing methods suffer from drawbacks such as feature redundancy and inadequate utilization of residual information in multi-point collaborative inversion and prediction. This paper describes a spatiotemporal hybrid deformation model for gravity dams that integrates feature selection and residual correction techniques. First, mechanical parameters of the dam body are inversed using a seepage-stress coupled finite element model combined with the multi-objective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO). Then, we construct a spatiotemporal input set from the data of monitoring point coordinates, and select key features using an improved BorutaShap algorithm, so that a FEM-BorutaShap-MLR prediction model can be built. Finally, the iTransformer architecture is adopted to capture nonlinear spatiotemporal dependencies in the residuals to correct the results predicted. Validation results at three monitoring points of a gravity dam show this prediction model achieves determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.98 at all points, and all its evaluation metrics outperform the models compared. The numerical model, making use of physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches, improves its accuracy in multi-point deformation prediction for gravity dams.
		2026 Vol. 45 (3): 119-130 [Abstract] ( 53 ) PDF (4572 KB) ( 27 )