Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

关闭×

水力发电学报

Office Online

Included Databases

The journal is included in the following databases:
(i)Scopus,
(ii)The Chinese Science Citation Database Source Journals,
(iii)The Chinese Science Journal Abstract Database,
(iv)The Chinese Science and Technology Papers Statistics and Analysis Database,
(v)China Newspaper Subscription Guide Information Database,
(vi)Chinese Academic Journals (CD).


2025 Vol. 44, No. 11 Published: 2025-11-25

	1	Study on influence of inlet gas volume fraction on inter-stage characteristics of multistage gas-liquid centrifugal pumps ^Hot!
		YAN Sina, WANG Jingjing, FENG Jianjun, GE Zhenguo, ZHU Guojun, LUO Xingqi
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251101
		Multistage centrifugal mixed-flow pumps are commonly used to transport high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase fluids. However, gas pockets often develop in the impeller section of such pumps due to gas-phase compressibility and the inter-phase slip velocity, and cause uneven flow distribution with inconsistent pressure-boosting capabilities across pump stages. This study presents experimental tests on two systems of 3-stage and 25-stage centrifugal pumps, and examines the influence of inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF) on the inter-stage characteristics. We apply an Euler-Euler inhomogeneous flow model to simulate the 3-stage system for conditions of different gas compressibilities. The results show that at single water phase conditions, pressure rises nearly the same across different impellers. For gas-liquid conditions, the overall pressure-boosting capacity decreases significantly with the increasing IGVF, with the secondary and final-stage impellers outperforming the first stage. Gas accumulation intensifies in the impeller passages, spreading along the suction sides of the blades up to the outlet. Velocity threshold analysis reveals that velocity-area ratio decreases stage by stage at the low thresholds, while increases progressively at the medium thresholds, indicating an enhanced impeller pressurization. For gas-liquid conditions, pulsating entropy generation losses are primarily concentrated near the impeller inlet and diffuser inlet. This study lays a basis for optimizing the design of multistage mixed-flow pumps.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 66 ) PDF (3240 KB) ( 48 )

	13	Influence of fluid sound speed on natural modes of pump-turbine runners
		CHEN Wei, XIA Xiang, YANG Guangdong, WANG Zhaoning, ZHU Enfei, WANG Wei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251102
		To address the vibration issues faced by a pump-turbine, it is essential to conduct an in-depth investigation into the modal characteristics of its runner, but the sound speed in the water flow in the passage exhibits significant uncertainty owing to the complexity of its operational environment. The finite element method (FEM) is used to explore the effect of sound speed on the runner’s modal characteristics and simplified counterpart (i.e., a disc). The results reveal that as the sound speed decreases, the added mass of the submerged disc in each modal order increases, resulting in a reduction in its natural frequencies. And, for the modes in higher diametrical or circumferential orders, the added mass and frequencies exhibit greater sensitivity to changes in sound speed. Generally, the effect is relatively minor for the disc tested in this study, while due to variations in sound speed, the runner has a change rate of its added mass that is typically 1-2 orders of magnitude higher. This means that in real engineering applications, fluctuations in sound speed could lead to substantial changes in the modal parameters of the runner. The findings shed some light on our understanding of the risk in assessing the resonance of pump-turbine runners.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 13-23 [Abstract] ( 57 ) PDF (8592 KB) ( 31 )

	24	Multi-energy complementary chronological production simulation model considering energy consumption cost of hydropower generation
		ZHANG Yanke, WU Wenlong, LI Jiqing, WANG Yuankun
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251103
		With a rapid increase in the share of wind and solar renewable energy in a power system, a critical challenge is how to enhance the system’s regulatory flexibility and clean energy accommodation through implementing multi-energy complementarity. This paper presents a storage variation representation method for quantifying the energy consumed by the hydropower station reservoirs, to demonstrate the long-overlooked issue－hydropower generation costs that is significant in long-term time-series production simulations of a multi-energy complementary system. Based on this, we construct a simulation model of time-series production with multi-energy complementarity, aiming to minimize the total system cost while considering hydropower generation-consumed energy, and proposes a multi-timescale method for its solution. Case study demonstrates that our model reduces this type of consumption by 37.42%, enhancing long-term hydropower output sustainability significantly, while lowering the loss of load probability by 34.31% and reducing the thermal power operating cost by 14.11%, thereby reducing the system’s need for thermal power regulation. This study helps ensure a reliable, economical, and low-carbon coordinated operation of new-type power systems.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 24-35 [Abstract] ( 55 ) PDF (4235 KB) ( 20 )

	36	Study on mechanism of particle characteristics influencing sediment transport in open-channel flows
		XIE Haonan, WANG Hao, LEI Yongnan, LIN Yuhang, ZHAO Lin, LIN Hongyan
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251104
		Suspended load movement is an important form of river sediment transport, and its existence in the flow poses a significant impact on flow turbulences. The movement is complicated, and no agreement has been reached on the mechanism of water-sediment interaction. This paper presents an application of the OpenFOAM two-phase flow model and its simulations of equilibrium sediment transport under different flow conditions, focusing on how the size, density and concentration of suspended sediment particles impact turbulent flow characteristics, and on the mechanism of flow turbulences modulated by drag force, density gradient, and particle collision. The results show that 1) with an increasing suspended particle size, the velocity of both the water flow and particles decreases overall, and the velocity gradient near the riverbed increases significantly; In the near-wall layer, sediment concentration gradient increase, turbulence intensity decreases first and then increases, and its peak values increase. 2) An increase in suspended particle density leads to an increase in the average turbulent flow velocity. The smaller the suspended particle density is, the more uniform the vertical concentration profile, and vice versa. 3) An sediment concentration increase reduces the average turbulent flow velocity and turbulence intensity, and the higher the concentration, the more obvious its suppressing effect. 4) An increase in drag force raises turbulent flow rate and suppresses turbulence intensity and sediment suspension. Suspended sediment density gradient has a suppressing effect on both bottom layer velocity and top layer turbulence intensity. Particle collision reduces average velocity and significantly enhances turbulence, thus promoting sediment suspension.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 36-49 [Abstract] ( 58 ) PDF (3467 KB) ( 25 )

	50	Experimental study on exposure-immersion disintegration characteristics of mudstone in Pinglu Canal riverbed
		ZHANG Ruipeng, HAO Yuchi, YAN Xiaowei, SUN Jian, CHEN Lihua, ZHU Supeng
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251105
		The Pinglu Canal is the first canal project that connects rivers to the sea in China since 1949. In its channel bed, mudstone substrate accounts for a high proportion, and part of the channel is dry excavation. A possibility exists that the mudstone strata will disintegrate after being exposed and submerged in water; disintegrated sediment particles will be transported and deposited under the action of water flow, increasing the risk of sediment siltation in the channel. Previous studies on mudstone have focused more on its disintegration characteristics after wet-dry cycling, but less on its re-immersion disintegration under different exposure to air-drying conditions. In this study, we conduct an experiment on the characteristics of mudstone disintegration under the conditions of free immersion using a self-designed device that measures the mudstone exposed to air-drying first and then immersed in water. We focus on a systematic study on the disintegration behaviors of mudstone effected by different time periods of air-drying exposure, different immersion starting instants, and different mudstone sample qualities. Results show the disintegrating process can be divided into three stages－slow disintegration, rapid disintegration and slowing-down disintegration. Mudstone with a longer air-drying exposure time period has a more volume expansion and more cracking in the period of water immersion, and thus has a higher proportion of cumulative disintegration. The average particle size of disintegrated particles is roughly 0.1 mm; the longer air-drying exposure, the more uniform the particle size distribution. Finally, based on the results of mudstone disintegrating at different air-drying time, we have derived a relationship of disintegration time T versus initial water content w, laying a basis for further study of mudstone disintegration and channel siltation mechanism.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 50-56 [Abstract] ( 62 ) PDF (1463 KB) ( 20 )

	57	Experimental study on influence of sediment concentration on flow characteristics of open channel confluences
		WU Heng, WANG Tian, CHENG Shengdong, LI Zhanbin, KE Ganggang, ZHEN Yunzhe
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251106
		The confluence area of rivers, as a key component of river systems, features complicated hydrodynamics and three-dimensional changes in bed morphology. This study conducts a laboratory water tank experiment of a river confluence and examines the distribution characteristics of its water flow under the condition of low sediment concentration. Four concentration conditions are tested, flow velocity is measured using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), and the data is denoised. Results show that with an increasing concentration, velocity zoning characteristics in the confluence vary significantly, and the ranges of the flow velocity gradient and the maximum-velocity-covered area are both expanded. This means the dynamic behaviors of fluid and the interactions between fluid layers are enhanced. We also found that in the concentration range of 4.2 to 7.4 kg/m3, the inhibitory effect of sediment on turbulence is insignificant. The results lay an important basis for a deeper understanding of the hydrodynamic process and sediment transport in a river confluence.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 57-65 [Abstract] ( 60 ) PDF (3338 KB) ( 20 )

	66	Study on AnyLogic simulation optimization of road transportation system for earthwork allocation
		HUANG Jianwen, ZHAO Jingjue, CHEN Rui, WANG Xingxia, WANG Yufeng, JIANG Hailong, ZHANG Jianjun
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251107
		Earthwork allocation is crucial to hydropower project construction, posing a direct effect on its cost and efficiency. To optimize allocation strategies and machinery utilization efficiency, this study develops a new optimization method for improving earthwork allocation and road transportation systems based on the coupling of the primal-dual interior point method and AnyLogic. First, a dynamic earthwork allocation model is formulated to minimize allocation costs while considering constraints such as excavation and filling schedules and site planning. Then, we develop an AnyLogic-based road transportation system simulation model using queuing theory, focusing on the complicated road transportation conditions in hydropower projects. And the interior point method is adopted to solve the dynamic earthwork allocation model for an optimal allocation scheme. Finally, we couple these two models and apply a multi-agent simulation technique to simulate the dynamic interaction of construction machinery in transit, so that we can achieve visualization of the real-time data and feedback. This facilitates dynamic adjustment for machinery allocation, thereby improving machinery utilization efficiency. Application in a practical engineering case shows this method is effective in lowering earthwork allocation cost, achieving a project cost reduction by 7.3%. It also increases machinery coordination efficiency, achieving an increase of 84.0% and 86.7% in the comprehensive embankment placement rates of the supply and receiving zones respectively. By adopting the optimal allocation scheme, the machinery utilization rate exceeds 60.0% of most of the backhoe excavators, and 95.0% of the dump trucks. These studies are useful for decision-making in earthwork allocation planning.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 66-80 [Abstract] ( 72 ) PDF (4041 KB) ( 34 )

	81	Study on evaluation method of crack healing characteristics of fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete
		LI Yang, WU Wenbo, MIN Yongtao, HAO Rusheng, ZHANG Wei, HE Jingjing
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251108
		For the impervious layer in hydraulic asphalt concrete panels, this study examine its crack-healing characteristics by conducting beam bending tests, crack observation, and ultrasonic non-destructive testing on fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete. We make a comparative analysis of its crack-healing behaviors with those of the reference asphalt concrete, focusing on mechanical properties and structural integrity. Experimental results show that after seven days of a fiber concrete specimen immersed in water, its fibers￠ adsorption effect and elastic properties maintain the stability of its mechanical properties. Its bending healing rate reaches up to 95%, whereas the reference concrete has a rate as low as 41%. Water environment promotes surface healing significantly, with the highest rate up to 97%, far superior to that in dry conditions. For the fiber concrete, its internal damage healing is characterized with hysteresis-strengthening. The initial-stage healing hysteresis is attributed to the oil absorption effect of fibers, increasing the thickness of structural asphalt, while the synergistic deformation of fibers and asphalt ensures excellent continuous healing performance in the period of seven days. This study further achieves a multi-index collaborative evaluation method for the crack-healing performance of fiber-reinforced hydraulic concrete, and lays a basis for its engineering application.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 81-88 [Abstract] ( 38 ) PDF (1074 KB) ( 13 )

	89	Feasibility analysis on low-heat cement concrete arch dam without transverse joints
		WANG Dongmin, MA Rui, ZHANG Fengqiang, HU Yu, LI Qingbin
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251109
		Transverse joints in arch dam construction severely affect the safety, efficiency, and economy of the project. The utilization of low-heat cement concrete as dam body filling provides a basis for construction of an arch dam without transverse joints due to its low thermal stress, but it will suffer a great risk of dam cracking if conventional temperature control is adopted. To avoid the risk, this paper constructs a temperature stress surrogate model for modeling low-heat cement concrete-filled arch dams without transverse joints, examines the calculation method of failure strength under thermal stress conditions. For this concrete, we also examine its strength reduction and work out a new method for intelligent control of its temperature. Results show that the new method offers the feasibility of arch dams without transverse joints, through taking full consideration of strength reduction caused by concrete creep effect. It can achieve the goal－eliminating transverse joints in arch dams, ensuring structural safety, and improving construction efficiency.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 89-100 [Abstract] ( 67 ) PDF (1641 KB) ( 40 )

	101	Study on digital twin modeling of underground cavern groups under image and point cloud multimodal sensing
		MA Long, YU Jia, ZHANG Jun, WANG Xiaoling, TONG Dawei
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251110
		High-precision 3D models serve as fundamental tools for the digitalization and informatization of hydraulic projects. As a high-fidelity approach, digital twin modeling enables dynamic and accurate mapping between physical entities and virtual models. However, previous modeling technologies have faced dual challenges in complicated hydraulic project scenarios－single-modal sensors suffer from blind spots and occlusions, while multimodal sensing data can compensate for these defects but often leads to poor performance in data registration and data fusion due to their large density differences and low overlap rates. This paper develops a new method for modeling digital twin underground cavern groups using image and point cloud multimodal sensing technologies. To overcome the limitation of single-modal sensors, this method adopts 3D image reconstruction and 3D laser scanning to acquire cross-source point cloud data of hydraulic underground cavern groups, fully perceiving the spatial information of the groups. We design a Dual-path Feature Fusion Attention (DPFFA) module and embed it into the Geotransformer backbone network to enhance its network capability of fusing the multi-scale features of global structures and local details, avoiding single-path attention failure caused by cross-source point cloud density differences and data missing. Then, we achieve a complete and high-accuracy digital twin model based on the accurately registered cross-source point clouds. This method is applied to the underground cavern group at the Kala hydropower station, and tested against the point cloud datasets with overlap rates of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Results show its registration recalls (RR) up to 26.9%, 72.5%, 84.4%, and 86.9% respectively, or an increase of 3.2%, 11.2%, 8.2%, and 2.5% respectively in comparison to those of the unimproved model. This demonstrates the superiority of our registration approach and validates the accuracy of the new model, thus promoting digital twin modeling improvement.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 101-114 [Abstract] ( 60 ) PDF (5739 KB) ( 19 )

	115	Stacking ensemble model for in-situ stress inversion correction and its engineering application
		CAO Ziyang, WANG Jian, YUAN Zhihuan, WANG Yifan, YANG Ziyue
		DOI: 10.11660/slfdxb.20251111
		In-situ stress inversion is a crucial method for determining the initial stress state in underground engineering. To improve the inversion accuracy, this study proposes a multi-model fusion method for in-situ stress inversion correction based on the stacking algorithm, demonstrating the limitations in single intelligent algorithms, particularly their insufficient generalization capabilities. We develop a stacking ensemble model with input data from the errors of finite element analysis results and multiple linear regression values against the in-situ measurements obtained at borehole monitoring points. This model adopts LightGBM, XGBoost and Linear Regression as base learners and RidgeCV as the meta-learner, and determines error correction by learning the underlying error patterns, with the optimal parameters selected through cross-validation and grid search. This method preserves structural and physical significance inherent in the finite element model while overcoming the nonlinear fitting deficiencies of traditional methods. Its application to an engineering case study demonstrates that compared to conventional multiple linear regression methods, it reduces the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by roughly 32% and the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) by 45%. We use the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model to interpret the contributions of various geological factors on the predicted and corrected errors, thereby enhancing the interpretability of this stacking-based inversion correction model. This study shows our new method exhibits strong applicability and significant potential for generalization in in-situ stress inversion correction, and would help engineering design and safety assessment.
		2025 Vol. 44 (11): 115-126 [Abstract] ( 48 ) PDF (3368 KB) ( 21 )