Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

水力发电学报

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2015 Vol. 34, No. 3 Published: 2015-03-25

	1	Wavelet support vector machine-coupling method for monthly runoff forecasting
		HUANG Qiaoling，SU Xiaoling
		A wavelet support vector regression-coupling (WSVR) model as an integration of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and support vector regression model (SVR) was developed to predict monthly runoff. This model uses the Mallat algorithm to decompose a given series of monthly runoff into sub-series of different time scales and reconstructs it, and then inputs the effective sub-series into the SVR model. It evaluates the accuracy in terms of RMS error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), deterministic coefficient (DC), and correlation coef?cient (R). It was applied to forecasting of monthly runoff at the Zhangjiashan hydrologic station on the Jinghe River. The results show errors in the calculations of verification period, RMSE=12.5m3/s, MAE=7.74m3/s, DC=0.87, and R=0.935, a better accuracy in comparison with the optimized SVR model's errors of RMSE=27.9m3/s, MAE=13.43m3/s, DC=0.34, and R= 0.662. Thus, the WSVR coupling model improves monthly runoff forecasting.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 210 ) PDF (3114 KB) ( 331 )

	8	Calculation of maximum thickness of unsaturated zone and modeling of hydrological process in Xingxing watershed
		YANG Zhe，ZHANG Xingnan，XIA Dazhong，FANG Yuanhao
		In the traditional concept of distributed hydrological models, calculation of the spatial distribution of grid soil capacity has always been a difficult problem. The value of average storage capacity acting as a key parameter has been considered in the traditional Xinanjiang model. Due to the fact that both Xinanjiang model and topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL) use similar theories in their definitions of soil moisture deficit, in this paper the relation between grid storage capacity and the maximum thickness of unsaturated zone is established by the relevant theory in the TOPMODEL, then a distributed hydrological simulation system based on natural sub-catchment is obtained. Application of this system to the Xinanjiang catchment in Guangdong Province shows that its method is effective. Relative to traditional parameter calibration, this method, based on the laws of physics, can calculate soil storage capacity at specific spatial scales with higher accuracy. Thus, it lays a basis for establishment of a distributed Xinanjiang model.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 8-13 [Abstract] ( 223 ) PDF (1244 KB) ( 552 )

	14	Analysis of runoff and sediment evolution in Wei River
		ZHAO Jing，HUANG Qiang，LIU Dengfeng
		In recent years, large-scale implementation of water and soil conservation measures have caused marked changes in the runoff and sediment conditions of the Wei River and thus it is significant to analyze these changes. For this basin, its runoff and sediment data observed from 1960 to 2010 were analyzed in this study using a moving average method and the Mann-Kendall method for its evolution characteristics in runoff, sediment, and runoff-sediment relationship. The results show that the distribution of runoff and sediment within a year is very uneven and runoff and the annual water and sediment transports take a significantly downward trend. A correlation analysis reveals average decreasing rates of -1.2163×108 m3/yr in runoff and -0.0742×108 t/yr in sediment transport. Besides the mild trend, this observation record sees a mutation in 1989 for runoff and in 2002 for sediment transport. Generally, a positive correlation is found between the annual runoff and sediment transport and its coefficient in flood season is greater than that in non-flood season, but with a quite different correlativity in different periods. Human activities impact on runoff-sediment relationship by changing underlying conditions. This is the reason why the runoff and sediment changes in 1984 and 2002 appears on the double cumulative curves.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 14-20 [Abstract] ( 197 ) PDF (1894 KB) ( 347 )

	21	Development and validation of next generation short-term flood prediction system for Three Gorges project
		XU Tao，LI Zhe，ZHOU Man，WU Tianjiao
		In this paper we introduce the design and implementation of a next generation short-term flood prediction system for the Three Gorges project. This prediction system is able to take multiple sources of rainfall data as inputs, and applies a distributed geomorphology-based hydrological model (GBHM) to simulation of rainfall-runoff processes. It is believed that by taking account the heterogeneity of land-use and soil types into the hill-slope hydrological processes, the GBHM performs better in reproducing spatiotemporal patterns of hydrologic variables. For the flood routing in the Three Gorges reservoir, MIKE11 model is coupled to simulate the hydrodynamic processes in the Yangtze mainstream across the reservoir. The evaluation results based on historical data shows that this new generation prediction system can capture the hydrological responses accurately, including the floods generated in the Three Gorges region, and the floods routing in the reservoir.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 21-28 [Abstract] ( 195 ) PDF (2430 KB) ( 402 )

	29	Apply hydrological model to evaluation of ecological water demand of dehydration river reaches for small hydropower plants and water supplement
		WANG Huang, ZHOU Maichun, LI Siying, ZHU Juming
		Along most small mountainous rivers, hydrological observation is very poor or completely lacking. It is impossible to estimate their ecological water demand using traditional hydrological methods that directly analyze river hydrological observation data. Xiaojin is a small river with a drainage area 33km2 located in Boluo county of Guangdong province, and along its mainstream seven small hydropower plants were developed in the past half century. In this work, a monthly water balance model with two parameters was adopted to recover the past flow processes in the Xiaojin River for the period of 1980-2011. Then, several traditional hydrological methods were applied to calculation of river ecological water demand. This provides a strategy for study of ecological water demands by the ungauged (or data-poor) mountainous regions. This paper describes a strategy of minimum water supplement based on water volume rather than flow rate, named sustainable static water areas for river ecology, which considers the life cycle characteristics of aquatic lives, their habitat conditions, and the benefits of hydropower stations on small mountainous rivers. By applying this conceptualization, river ecology and hydropower development can be well balanced in hydrological and hydraulic evaluation of minimum ecological water demands.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 29-37 [Abstract] ( 156 ) PDF (2551 KB) ( 344 )

	38	Comprehensive evaluation on electrical energy value of hydropower station based on thought of classified electricity price
		WANG Jing, MA Guangwen, LI Yongli, HUANG Weibin, HU Yanlong
		Current transitional electricity pricing mechanism was no longer adapted to the new situation of hydropower development, and a variety of electricity price forms based on classified electricity price would become the trend of reform. This paper develops a new system, namely a comprehensive evaluation system of hydropower station electrical energy value, that is based upon an idea of taking storage factor as price-fixing basis. This system assesses electrical energy value that determines electricity price level using the criteria of geographic location, construction investment, operation cost, overall performance, dispatch management, etc. It adopts an A-En binary weight method that combines the subjective and objective characteristics of weight assigning to reflect decision making of evaluation flexibly and fully, and adopts the Topsis method for evaluation. Results show that the new evaluation system and A-En binary weight method are feasible and effective.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 151 ) PDF (1487 KB) ( 237 )

	45	Study on uncertain dynamic optimization of hydropower station dispatching based on spiral-vertical genetic algorithm
		JING Xiumei，ZHANG Rengong，CHENG Xialei
		Hydropower stations are featured with factors of dynamic uncertainties that are difficult to consider in a traditional deterministic dynamic model. This study analyzes three factors of fuzzy dynamic characteristics, given variable load, and uncertainty maintenance plan, and develops an uncertain dynamic model for optimization of hydropower station operation. This model solves the optimization problem using a spiral-vertical genetic algorithm (SVQA) and it is coded into a computer software module, upgrading the existing system of hydropower station dispatching. Its applications show that it is of has better performances and more effective in iteration and convergence to the final solution of an actual hydropower station dispatching problem than dynamic programming methods.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 45-54 [Abstract] ( 180 ) PDF (1615 KB) ( 294 )

	55	Characteristics of seabed shear velocities in radial sand ridges area
		CHEN Cheng， WANG Yigang， HUANG Huiming， ZENG Qiongpei， YUAN Chunguang
		Based on the vertical distribution of velocities data in a radial sand ridges area of the south Yellow Sea in summer and winter, a Karman-Prandtl equation is adopted to estimate the shear velocities in seabed deep grooves. The spatial and temporal distributions of shear velocities are analysed and a new method of quickly estimating shear velocity is described. The results show that during maximum ebb and maximum flood, flow velocities follow a logarithmic distribution over the depth, with an average of 7.4 cm/s in summer, which has a decreasing tendency from north to south and from nearshore to offshore, and an average of 6.0cm/s in winter, which has a decreasing tendency from middle to north and south and from nearshore to offshore. Shear velocities in summer are greater than those in winter, and the ones in spring tide are greater than those in neap tide. The difference between shear velocities during maximum flood and ebb is small in summer and becomes large in winter. Shear velocities can be quickly estimated by using near-surface velocities in summer and winter, and it can be concluded that shear velocities roughly equal six percent of the near-surface velocities at the same locations in radial sand ridges area.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 55-60 [Abstract] ( 184 ) PDF (1649 KB) ( 313 )

	61	Study on bedload transport in Cuntan beach of large gradient river (I), Dimensionless sediment transport intensity
		CHU Wanqiang， LI Yongli
		In western China many mountain rivers are featured with large bed slope, coarse particle size, less relative smoothness. The Cuntan river reach, typical of such characteristics, were selected in this study for calculation. We collected totally 5233 pairs of data for the period from 1954 to 2007, and made a comparative analysis on six classical formulae of bedload transport all in dimensionless forms and their calculation accuracies. Following the idea of Fredsoe's formula (1976) that is the most accurate, we assumed that sediment transport intensity varies exponentially with effective stream flow intensity, and have developed a dimensionless formula of bedload transport with two main variables, i.e. flow strength and critical flow strength for incipient sediment motion. Verification and comparison show that this formula works well for the bedload transport in the Cuntan reach and it can give a calculation accuracy higher than that of the classic formulae.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 61-65 [Abstract] ( 169 ) PDF (1278 KB) ( 278 )

	66	Hydraulic characteristics analysis of different energy dissipation types for high dam discharge
		ZHANG Sherong，YU Mao，WANG Liuliu，PANG Bohui
		There are three basic types of energy dissipation for high dam discharge, flip trajectory bucket, hydraulic jump, and bucket flow, which usually need to be verified and optimized via physical model tests. To investigate the hydraulic characteristics of these structures, such as water flow regime, pressure, and near-bottom velocity, this paper presents three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flows over all the three structures using a turbulent model and the VOF technique, providing information for preliminary engineering design.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 66-72 [Abstract] ( 180 ) PDF (2030 KB) ( 300 )

	73	Study on wall resistance in wall jet region using velocity logarithmic law
		ZHANG Zhichang，JIA Bin，ZHAO Ying，FU Minghuan
		For wall jet region, using the data of velocity distribution measured by Myers and other previous researchers and their empirical formula of boundary layer development, this paper studies the variation trends in local resistance coefficient Cf’, resistance coefficient, average resistance coefficient, and wall surface resistance Cf. We present a logarithmic law formula of velocity distribution for wall jet zone, a relationship of Cf’ versus Umδ/ν, Cf’, and a relationship of Cf and Cf versus initial Reynolds number Re1 of the hydraulic jump and relative distance x/h1. A method for calculation of wall surface resistance and average drag coefficient is also given. A comparison with Myers' test data shows that these formulae are applicable in a wide range of parameters and the calculation method is simple and more accurate.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 73-78 [Abstract] ( 156 ) PDF (1103 KB) ( 261 )

	79	Changes in river regime and navigation channels downstream of Xiangjiaba reservoir after impoundment of cascade reservoirs on the upper Yangtze River
		ZUO Liqin，SUN Lu,LU Yongjun，MAO Jixin
		Cascade reservoirs on the upper Yangtze, after operation, will significantly change their downstream conditions, e.g. water and sediment conditions, river regime, and navigation conditions. This paper develops a 2D water-sediment mathematical model for the reach from Shuifu to Luzhou (or Shuilu reach in short) downstream of the Xiangjiaba dam. On the basis of verification, this model has been applied to calculation and analysis of riverbed scour and silting in this reach after impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs, focusing on the changes in river regime and navigation conditions in some typical shoals. The results show that after the impoundment the downstream channel takes an overall scour trend, which can be demonstrated with three general changes. First, in curved reaches the flows tend to take a straightforward path though the river pattern remains curved; second, in braided reaches the branches tend to decay while the main channel to be scoured deeper, favorable to navigation, but local deposition will happen in some reaches, creating new shoals; last, the difference in elevations of floodplain and channel will be increased as a result of silting on point bars and scour in main channel, which aggravates local adverse flow patterns and deteriorates the navigation conditions in torrential shoals.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 79-89 [Abstract] ( 138 ) PDF (2896 KB) ( 251 )

	90	Numerical study on hydraulic characteristics of multi-level intakes of hydropower stations
		GAO Xueping，PENG Xian，HAN Yunpeng
		Hydraulic characteristics of multi-level intakes of hydropower stations are studied numerically in this work using a 3D turbulent model, with three study cases of the Nuozhadu, Jinping-I and Guangzhao hydropower stations, focusing on analysis and comparison of head loss, velocity distribution, and flow pattern. The numerical results have been verified against physical model tests. This study shows that for multi-level intakes, the differences in hydraulic characteristics primarily depend on the size of their stoplog piers and the width of their intake chambers. The results would provide useful information for design of multi-level intakes.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 90-95 [Abstract] ( 183 ) PDF (1617 KB) ( 308 )

	96	Discussion and analysis on concept and estimation of regulatable water volumes for sediment transport in the upper Yellow in different water demand scenarios
		BAI Xia，WU Chengguo，HUANG Qiang，WANG Yiming3，CHANG Jianxia，QI Xiaoming
		In recent years, the upper Yellow sees a situation that the relationship of water and sediment is deteriorating and increasingly more reaches of desert strath are shrinking due to sediment deposition, which has affected the safety of ice prevention and the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources. Joint regulation of the cascade reservoirs in this basin is one of the effective technical countermeasures for slowing down sediment accumulation, achieving more water-sediment regulation benefit, and improving the flow capacity of river channel in the dangerous reaches. This paper presents a preliminary analysis on the concept of regulatable sediment transport-required (STR) water volume in the upper Yellow, and a discussion on the relationship of this STR volume versus regulatable water volume. Using these two concepts, we calculated the regulatable water volume of the Longyangxia reservoir during 1987~2010, and analyzed the STR volume and the benefits of reservoir water-sediment regulation for the historical years, for two scenarios of satisfying comprehensive water utilization demand and satisfying power generation water demand. Results show that in the first scenario the Longyangxia's surplus water volume can completely meet the water demand by sediment transport and in the second scenario the regulation benefit is not significant owing to the scattered water discharges by power generation. This reveals that for this reach, a suitable reduction in its power generation demand is favorable in terms of satisfying its water-sediment regulation demand. This work would supply a basis for decision-making on how to improve water-sediment relationship and how to implement water-sediment regulation in the upper Yellow.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 96-102 [Abstract] ( 167 ) PDF (2095 KB) ( 357 )

	103	Study on three-dimensional numerical simulation of flows in circular rings basin of desilting and sediment ejection
		ZHANG Jun，SHI Kebin，GAO Yaping，WANG Jin，JIANG Haibo
		A three-dimensional RNG turbulent model and VOF method were applied to simulation of the water-air two-phase flow field in a circular rings basin of desilting and sediment ejection, a new type of secondary sediment-treatment facilities. The calculated distributions of average velocity are in good agreement with experimental data. The results indicate that physical model tests can be replaced to some extent by numerical simulation effectively to improve research efficiency, and the latter can be used to overcome insufficient measurement of flow velocity on physical models. In the circular rings regions of this basin, the radial component of water surface velocity is numerically greater than its axial and tangential components, sharply decreasing radially and vertically, and in circle ring a recirculation zone appears along radial direction.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 103-110 [Abstract] ( 180 ) PDF (2110 KB) ( 347 )

	111	High-accuracy time-domain formulation for hydrodynamic pressure on gravity dam during earthquake
		DU Xiuli, WANG Puru, ZHAO Mi, CAO Shengtao
		A high-accuracy time-domain formulation for the seismic hydrodynamic pressure on the vertical up-stream face of dam is proposed, which couples with the dam finite element model to consider the dam-reservoir interaction. The numerical model of the semi-infinite reservoir is thus avoided. In frequency domain, the exact relationship between hydrodynamic force and total horizontal motion is obtained based on the analytical solution of reservoir and the dam-reservoir interface condition. This relationship is transformed into the high-accuracy time-domain formulation with auxiliary functions by using the temporal convolution localization method proposed by authors. This formulation, in spatially and temporally discrete form, can be incorporated into the dam model, leading to the dynamic equations of a dam-reservoir system, which is solved by an explicit algorithm developed by authors. It is implemented by an UEL module of ABAQUS so that the commercial code can be used to analyze a seismic nonlinear dam-reservoir interaction problem, and the UEL module can couple with the dam model in construction of the finite element model, avoiding any special treatment such as restart in solution process. Application of this new formulation to hydrodynamic pressure on a rigid dam demonstrates that the solution is stable and agrees very well with the analytical results. A seismic response analysis of Koyna gravity dam is also given.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 111-121 [Abstract] ( 191 ) PDF (2304 KB) ( 344 )

	122	Evaluation on crack damage of earth and rock-fill dam using C-SVC model
		RUAN Bin，CHEN Guoxing
		A model of support vector machine for classification (C-SVC) and its application to the evaluation on crack damages of earth and rock-fill dams are systemically described herein. An analytic hierarchy process was used to obtain six training factors of the damage, i.e. dam type, dam height, storage capacity, construction quality, seismic intensity, and epicentral distance, and the training tab, i.e. dam crack. A C-SVC evaluation system was developed by determining the factors and tab in a certain way from qualitative to the quantitative. This system uses the field data of 100 earth and rock-fill dams damaged by the Wenchuan earthquake as the training set, and adopts optimal normalization preprocessing obtained through a comparison of different classification accuracies in predictions by different normalizations and the best kernel function selected by a K-fold cross-validation technique. The results show that the normalized preprocessing of [-1,1] and the polynomial kernel function are applicable to prediction of dam crack. Application of the system to 28 reservoirs in Mianyang city shows that the predictions for 25 of them are in good agreement with in-situ observations. This indicates that the C-SVC evaluation model can provide useful information for reinforcement of earth and rock-fill dams.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 122-128 [Abstract] ( 193 ) PDF (1722 KB) ( 345 )

	129	Dam foundation reinforcement analysis of Baihetan hydropower station
		XU Weiya, NI Haijiang, DI Shengjie, WU Guanye, XU Jianrong, LU Bo
		Baihetan hydropower station with an installed capacity more than 10,000MW is the third largest hydropower station in China after the Three Gorges project and Xiluodu project. At its dam site have developed columnar jointed rocks that are anisotropic materials with lower mechanical strengths. To reduce the negative influence of these rocks and faults a reinforcement scheme was proposed for stability and security of the dam. Based on the geological data, an accurate three-dimensional numerical model was developed, and a transversely isotropic elastic-plastic constitutive model was adopted for describing the mechanical behaviors of columnar jointed rocks. This paper discusses the influence of anistropy using the simulations by the transversely isotropic constitutive model and the isotropic constitutive model, and presents a comparative analysis on deformation and stress distributions in the dam and foundation in the schemes of reinforcement and no reinforcement. And the overall stability of dam-foundation is evaluated by using water pressure overload method. This study provides a technical support to the final-stage feasibility study on Baihetan hydropower station.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 129-136 [Abstract] ( 160 ) PDF (2624 KB) ( 332 )

	137	Filling construction period simulation and risk assessment of high core rock-fill dam based on improved set pair analysis method
		ZHONG Denghua, YANG Shirui, ZHANG Qinya, DU Rongxiang, CHANG Haotian
		Construction period of high core rock-fill dam filling relates to the construction progress and the project investment of a dam. While, traditional Monte Carlo simulation is based on constructing probabilistic model and sampling for the duration of network planning activity. This method cannot reflect the relation between duration and risk factors, which affects the objectivity and reliability of the simulation of the duration and the risk assessment. This paper applies improved set pair analysis method to filling construction schedule simulation and risk assessment of high core rock-fill dam, takes a full consideration of certainty and uncertainty of activity duration and relation between duration and risk factors, establishes network planning model of construction schedule Multiple connection number expressed by multiple connection number, and proposes Monte Carlo simulation process based on multiple connection number network planning. Taking a core rock-fill dam on Lancang River as an example, indicators like the distribution of duration, the probability of completion, the criticality of process, etc. are simulated, which provides evaluation standards for risks of rock-fill dam construction period. Compared with the traditional Monte Carlo simulation, this method can obtain simulation results that are more reliable and more consistent with engineering practice, which provides a scientific basis for risk assessment and risk management of high core rock-fill dam embankment construction period.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 137-144 [Abstract] ( 167 ) PDF (1856 KB) ( 271 )

	145	Risk analysis of overtopping during the construction period of earth-rock dam
		LI Zongkun, GE Wei, WANG Juan, ZHAO Haipei, GUAN Hongyan
		Risk of overtopping during the construction period of earth-rock dam is not only controlled by flood level, but also by the top elevation of water retaining structure. With these two factors simulated by Monte-Carlo simulation, their distributions have been determined via analysis on the uncertainties in hydrologic and hydraulic factors and the uncertainties of construction progresses, the overtopping risk for each stage and the integrated overtopping risk have been calculated using a mathematical model that was developed for calculation of different water diversion stages. The case study shows that the uncertainties of construction progresses have significant effects on overtopping risk during the construction period of earth-rock dam, the calculation methods and models are practicable.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 145-149 [Abstract] ( 150 ) PDF (1224 KB) ( 230 )

	150	Determination of test parameters of an abrasion resistance test method with high speed rotating jet flow
		BAI Yin, SHI Yanran, DING Jiantong, CAI Yuebo1, DAI Pin
		For the optimization of an abrasion resistance test method with high speed rotating jet flow, this paper used orthogonal experimental design method to examine the influences of flow velocity, sand content, and abrasion time on test results, and examined the effects of the jet flow angle on test results by varying the radius of the outflow impeller. The optimal abrasion test parameters were determined as follows: flux 2.8L/s, jet velocity 40m/s, sand content 7%, abrasion time 4h, and jet flow angle 34.6°. Tests conducted under this condition exhibited an efficiency about 50 times higher than that of the standard ring method according to DL/T 5150-2001, and the damage pattern of the specimen surfaces was similar to that in-situ.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 150-156 [Abstract] ( 154 ) PDF (2082 KB) ( 410 )

	157	Study on thinning of thickness of spiral steel lining in embedded spiral case
		HE Yuan， SUN Digang， ZHAI Liming， WANG Zhengwe
		In this paper, a 3D nonlinear FEM is used to analyze an embedded spiral casing structure with different thicknesses of spiral steel lining. The results show that even if the thickness of steel spiral case is reduced, its von mises stress or the tensile stress and cracked area of its surrounding concrete does not increase significantly. Even in load rejection condition, after thinning the spiral steel lining, its maximum stress is still less than the yield strength, reaching only one-fifth of the latter, far from its ultimate bearing capacity. This paper also analyzes the spiral structure under overloading and obtains a process of crack initiation and propagation in the surrounding concrete.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 157-163 [Abstract] ( 151 ) PDF (2179 KB) ( 284 )

	164	New transformation method for complete characteristic curves of pump-turbines and its engineering application
		WANG Jiefei, CHENG Yuanchu, LIU Ganggang, ZOU Jilin
		To improve accuracy of transient process dynamic simulation for pump-storage power plant, in this work we studied advantages and disadvantages of the Suter transformation and its modifications, analyzed in depth the interconnection between unit flows, and introduced a new independent variable of relative opening. Then, an optimized form of this transformation was derived by adopting coefficients of constant correction according to the variation trend of the curves. This leads to our development of a new method for processing pump turbine characteristic curve. Application of this method to an engineering calculation shows an agreement of the results with the experimental data as well as its applicability and efficiency.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 164-169 [Abstract] ( 184 ) PDF (1497 KB) ( 280 )

	170	High-resolution numerical simulation of water hamme in pipeline with surge chamber
		DONG Yu, LIU Hansheng, HUANG Yijun
		Surge chamber is a widely-used device against water hammer of hydropower stations, and an accurate numerical simulation of the surge details is crucial. This paper presents a high-resolution method based on a TVD scheme for numerical solution of the water hammer equations coupled with the equation of surge in a surge chamber, and simulation results for a hydropower station, with the boundary and initial conditions briefly described. Application to an engineering case shows that the TVD scheme is more accurate in capturing steep waves than the classic first-order Lax-Friedrichs and the second-order MacCormark scheme, improving simulation accuracy significantly. The new method is better for water hammer simulation.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 170-175 [Abstract] ( 144 ) PDF (1003 KB) ( 291 )

	176	Simulation and analysis of transient process for Guangzhou pumped storage power plant A
		YAO Ze, BI Huili, ZHUANG Xiaohui, HUANG Qingsong, Zhi Falin, Wang Zhengwei
		The working condition of pumped storage power station is complicated, and its frequent working-mode conversion leads to severe pressure fluctuations in the pipeline and badly-deteriorated flow performances. Vibrations are a significant factor in the safe operation of units, especially more serious at the stages of start-up, shutdown, and load rejection. For the Guangzhou pumped storage power station plant A, we have calculated the variations in pipe pressure using a one-dimensional numerical method, and compared the calculations of pressure at spiral case outlet and rotation speed, etc. with its test data of transient processes in typical conditions. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed and applied to simulations of axial hydraulic thrust at different guide vane openings, focusing on analysis of the start-up and shutdown stages of power generating operation.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 176-181 [Abstract] ( 108 ) PDF (1345 KB) ( 357 )

	182	Study on synthetic characteristic curve processing of Francis turbine combined with BP neural network
		LI Junyi，CHEN Qijuan，CHEN Guangda
		This paper describes a new BP neural network method that expresses turbine nonlinear characteristics with torque and flow neural networks in numerical simulation to solve the existing problems in processing the synthetic characteristic curve of hydraulic turbines. The overall design idea and the solving process are demonstrated, and followed by an analysis of the specific details and implementation steps, i.e. how to retrieve and extend sample data and how to select a neural network and its training process. A case analysis on a practical curve and the likely causes of its calculation errors are included. This work provides a new perspective for synthetic characteristic curve fitting.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 182-188 [Abstract] ( 178 ) PDF (1871 KB) ( 356 )

	189	Analysis of non-economic contributing factors to sustainable development capacity of reservoir migrants
		CHEN Long，QIANG Maoshan，CHEN Wenchao
		As China develops her hydropower, reservoir migrants? sustainable development is emerging as a main issue in hydropower construction. Based on the concept of sustainable development capacity, this paper constructs a non-economic factors framework, and investigates migrants who moved from the Three Gorges project area to three cities of Hubei and Jiangsu provinces. Using factor analysis, we divide non-economic factors contributing to sustainable development capacity of reservoir migrants into two groups, fundamental factors and development factors, and compare these factors of different areas in terms of importance degree and satisfaction degree. The results show that most of the factors have obtained high scores in importance and satisfaction assessment but the one of social support system is relatively low in satisfaction degree. An in-depth examination on the investigation data indicates a main reason: single liability subject for the migrants, whereby the migrants are not able to participate in the consulting process and social supports to them remain insufficient. The results are helpful in improving reservoir migrants? work.
		2015 Vol. 34 (3): 189-193 [Abstract] ( 125 ) PDF (1810 KB) ( 320 )