Abstract: After sixty years' development, underground powerhouse construction in China are taking its place in the front ranks of the world in the number, installed capacity, technical advance and construction capability. Accordingly, a world-leading construction technology architecture has been developed for large-scale underground hydropower plants. This paper focuses on summarizing the achievements and main construction technologies, such as the layout of complicated underground caverns, the stability analysis of rock mass, excavation procedures and methods, support design, monitoring & feedback techniques of large-scale caverns. Finally, future development prospects of underground hydropower plants are presented.