Abstract: The adhesion between aggregates and bitumen has a significant impact on the performance of asphalt concrete, yet traditional testing methods suffer from the limitation of being difficult to quantify. This study proposes a testing method for aggregate-bitumen adhesion based on bonding strength, using limestone and granite aggregates to measure their bonding strength with bitumen under different water immersion temperatures and durations. The effects of adding anti-stripping agents to granite were also compared. The results indicate that under dry conditions, the bonding strength of limestone and granite with bitumen shows little difference. After immersion, the bonding strength decreases with increasing immersion temperature and time, with granite exhibiting a much higher decay rate than limestone. Anti-stripping agents can enhance the water erosion resistance of granite. Failure mode analysis reveals that immersion shifts interface between granite and bitumen from cohesive failure to adhesive failure, while anti-stripping agents can restore its cohesive failure mode. Based on the experimental results, it is recommended to use the residual bonding strength ratio as a quantitative indicator for evaluating aggregate-asphalt adhesion.