Abstract: An embankment breach is a typical sudden disaster, and the process of breach closure varies with different locations, times, and conditions. It is a systematic emergency project that requires comprehensive decision-making and scientific organization for implementation. In recent years, under the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall and flood disasters, large-scale embankment breaches have occurred more frequently, characterized by severe damage and great difficulty in emergency response. Achieving rapid and efficient closure of large embankment breaches has therefore become an urgent scientific and technological challenge in the field of flood control and emergency rescue. Through case collection, data statistics, and theoretical analysis, this study systematically summarizes the current research status on embankment breach characteristics, closure timing, materials, and technologies. From a new perspective, we comprehensively review the system of pouring (or sinking) materials and its application scenarios. Furthermore, two typical advancement modes are analyzed: continuous rapid advancement and multiple discontinuous advancement, along with practical calculation methods for closing duration. Finally, based on analyses of the hydraulic conditions and morphological characteristics of breaches, we construct a modern technical system for embankment breach closure, and identify future development directions of new rapid closure technologies for complex large breaches. The results provide theoretical support and engineering references for enhancing emergency response capacity in embankment management.

Key words: embankment, breach closure, advancement, block and intercept collaboration